The College of Medicine is one of the founding colleges of the University of Juba. It was established in 1978 through a pioneering initiative from the late Professor Al Samani Abdalla Yagoub, the then Vice Chancellor, who deemed it fit to establish a medical school in Southern Sudan.

Professor Yagoub consulted a group of consultant physicians from the University of Khartoum and the Sudan Medical Council to put together a theme and syllabus for a medical school.